Principles and parameters of industrial 3D cameras

2021-09-15

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In a 3D camera, the light source is replaced by a laser transmitter. Through the complex optical system design, the laser emitted by the laser transmitter will form a straight line, and the laser will be reflected on the surface of the object. Under the design of the optical system, the reflected light It will be captured by the lens and finally reflected on the photosensitive chip through the lens. Therefore, the three important components inside an industrial 3D camera are the laser transmitter, the lens and the photosensitive chip.

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1. Field of View/Field of View (FOV): There is only one value for 3D vision. Under normal circumstances, it is the length of the laser line at the optimal working distance of the sensor. Pay attention to the length at the working distance. After all, the laser emits to form a smooth surface. If there is no shielding, it is theoretically infinitely long. In addition, 3D cameras are also divided into near field, medium field, and far field.
2. Measurement range: the distance from the sensor's near field of view to the far field of view. This concept is a bit like the depth of field in 2D vision, that is, the range that can be clearly imaged in the Z-axis.
3. Working distance: the distance from the lower surface of the sensor to the surface of the measured object. The sensor here refers to the camera, and the working distance of each camera is different.
4. Resolution: The smallest size that the sensor can recognize. It is related to the wafer size of the image sensor, which is generally a CMOS chip, that is, the photosensitive element.
Fifth, linearity: also called accuracy, straightness. It generally refers to the Z linearity, which is the ratio of the deviation value (the difference between the reference value and the measured value) to the measurement range.
6. Repeatability: Also called repeatability. It refers to the maximum deviation value after repeated scanning of the measured object 4100 times.